An Analysis of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs:  Public Health Impact

Abstract: Prescription drug misuse and opioid overdose death have increased significantly in recent years. Many states have implemented Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) as a means to improve prescribing practices and mediate the ongoing opioid crisis in the United States (US). This comprehensive literature review examines the current structure of state-run PDMPs, and legislation surrounding them. More specifically, the Pennsylvania PDMP is examined. Limitations and barriers to use of PDMPs are explored. Recommendations are provided for improving current state-run PDMPs, and a proposal is made for the development of a national-level prescription drug monitoring database. 

Public Health Significance: The implementation of a standardized national-level prescription drug monitoring database could have a significant impact on reducing accessible opioids and other substances in the community.  This could reduce opioid overdose death rates as discussed in prior studies of the effects of current state-run programs. A national program could also have an impact on decreasing the spread of infectious diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis C. Literature supports an association between substance use and increased risk of engaging in needle sharing and risky sexual behavior while under the influence of drugs or in seeking drugs. Improving accessibility of patient prescription data through a national database could lead to improved prescribing/tapering of opioid drugs, and improved screening and treatment for substance use, therefore preventing the progression from prescription drug misuse to injection drug use.

Advisor: Dr. Linda Frank